JERSEY HISTORY

You can either read through this potted version of significant events in our island history or skip to the time line here for a generalised list of events and dates.

Two hundred thousand years ago, Jersey was part of the continental landmass of Europe and evidence of Neanderthal man has been found at La Cotte Cave in St. Brelades. Woolly mammoths roamed in this area and ancient man chased the creatures to their death over the cliffs of St. Brelades Bay.

 

Neolithic Period
(4850 - 2850 BC)

As sea water levels began to rise at the end of the last ice age Jersey became an island and it was at this time that New Stone Age (Neolithic) man arrived here. The island was originally a little bigger than it appears today but coastal plains in the south-east and west were eroded over time. In St. Ouens (on the west of the island) deposits of peat, visible at low tide, together with fossilised acorns and hazlenuts indicate that this area was once a forest.

These ancient people probably arrived here by coracle - small boats made of animal skin stretched over a framework of sticks and branches. Evidence suggests that these were an organised people because querns (stones used for grinding corn) have been discovered, indicating the planting of crops. Archaeological finds include elegant pottery bowls, flint implements and polished stone axes. Most surprisingly, some of these axes were produced from stones like jadeite, indicating that Neolithic man traded well beyond the island.

Dotted all over Jersey are Neolithic tombs, called dolmens ('dol' a table and 'men' a stone) and menhirs ('men', a stone and 'hir', upright). The most outstanding example is undoubtedly at La Hougue Bie, which is still intact and covered by the original 14 metre mound. This is a very complex tomb and it is possible that human remains were left here for a short period before being disposed of elsewhere.

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The Bronze Age

(2250-600BC)

Archaeological finds relating to the Bronze Age consist of some pottery, stonework and metalwork. In keeping with other places in western Europe, items were buried in pots and it is not understood why this happened.

The most significant find relating to this period is, however, a spectacular one. During some building work in St. Helier in 1889 a twisted gold torque, weighing about 750 grams was unearthed. It is believed that torques were wrapped around the body as decoration and this beautiful piece of metalwork is now in the care of the Jersey Museum in St. Helier.

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Martyrdom of Saint Helier

(AD 555)

The first steps towards bringing Christianity to the Channel Islands were said to be taken by Saints Sampson, Magloire, Marcouf and Helier. It is Helier who is most remembered here because our capital bears his name - 'St. Helier'.

Helibert (he later became known as 'Helier') originated in Belgium and came to the island in AD 540, living a solitary existence on L'Islet island in St. Aubins Bay. Tradition tells us that 15 years later, in AD 555, Norman invaders came across Helier praying and beheaded him.

Marcouf founded a monastery on L'Islet island in Helier's memory. This was later replaced by Elizabeth Castle, but Helier's hermitage can still be visited at the Castle.

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Duke of Normandy takes control of Channel Islands

(AD 933)

By the 900s Vikings and Norsemen had migrated southwards, many settling in the area of France known as Normandy. By 911 Charles the Simple of France ceded Normandy to the leader of the Norsemen, King Rollo. Rollo's son, William Longsword, annexed the Cotentin Peninsula and the Channel Islands into the Duchy of Normandy.

Evidence of a Viking presence in Jersey is scarce, other than local names. For example l'Etacq is derived from the Norse 'stakkr' (meaning a high rock) and hougue from 'haugr' (meaning a mound or hummock).

The Vikings settled in Normandy began to lose their Scandinavian customs, adopting the French language and embracing Christianity, and it was during this time that feudalism and the system of Seigneurs developed in the island. The Duke of Normandy granted lands here in Jersey to his favoured subjects. They became Seigneur of a fief, often living in a manor house, centrally placed in the area. Anyone living in a fief became a 'tenant' paying rent to the church (usually a tenth of their grain crops) and working for an agreed number of days on the Seigneur's land. The system worked well because tenants had the use of the Seigneurial mill, saving them many hours of work, and disputes between tenants were settled by the Seigneurial court. Indeed a quirk of the Jersey legal system dates back to this time - the 'Clameur de Haro' ('Haro' thought to be a derivation of 'Hail Rollo').

In cases of dispute an aggrieved party has the right to 'raise the Clameur de Haro'. He must first find two witnesses and then dropping down onto one knee he will recite:

'Haro, Haro Haro, a l'aide mon prince, on me fait tort'

Translated as 'help me my prince, I am being wronged'.

On raising the Clameur, immediate action must be taken and the aggressor must stop his activities. This ancient cry is still very occasionally used today, but misuse results in a heavy fine.

 

 

 

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Duke of Normandy conquered England

(1066)

'Guillaume le Conquerant' (William the Conqueror) defeated King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. As a result of this, our Duke of Normandy (William) became King of England. It is for this reason that Elizabeth II, current Queen of the United Kingdom, is sometimes referred to here as our 'Duke of Normandy' rather than our Queen.

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This timeline and the Jersey Crest graphic contained therein was designed and/or created by Jayne@jaynesjersey.com and is subject to copyright. All rights reserved. Permission must be sought before reproducing any of my work. I can be contacted at my e.mail address.

 

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